1. Why 32-Bit Support Is Still Necessary on Ubuntu
Overview
As most systems transition to 64-bit architectures, the need for 32-bit support continues in environments with older PCs or limited resources. This is especially important for educational institutions, corporate use cases, and users who depend on legacy systems. One of the reasons 32-bit hardware remains in use is that it offers lower costs and is suitable for energy-efficient computing environments.
The Current State of 32-Bit Support and Security Risks
Starting with Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, official 32-bit versions are no longer provided. The Ubuntu team made this decision to focus resources on improving the 64-bit environment, reducing support for the smaller group of 32-bit users. However, continuing to use 32-bit systems comes with security risks—such as not receiving updates for browsers like Chromium or Firefox, which means missing out on the latest features and patches.
2. Current Status of 32-Bit Support in Ubuntu
Ubuntu Versions That Support 32-Bit
Official Ubuntu support for 32-bit continued up to version 18.04 LTS. Beyond that point, Ubuntu is limited to 64-bit environments. While it is still possible to use Ubuntu 16.04 or 18.04 if 32-bit support is required, the lack of ongoing security updates makes using these versions on the internet risky.
Impacts of Ending 32-Bit Support
The discontinuation of 32-bit support in Ubuntu affects some applications, such as Wine, which may no longer run reliably. Additionally, certain games and business software that rely on 32-bit versions lose compatibility. Given these limitations, users who need 32-bit support are encouraged to migrate to other Ubuntu-based distributions that continue to provide it.
3. Ubuntu-Based Alternative Distributions for 32-Bit Systems
Emmabuntüs
Emmabuntüs is an Ubuntu-based distribution designed for older PCs and educational environments. It actively supports 32-bit systems as part of efforts to reduce digital inequality and promote sustainability. Its intuitive interface and simple design make it highly accessible for beginners.
MX Linux
MX Linux is a Debian-based distribution known for its customization capabilities and lightweight performance. Featuring the XFCE desktop environment, it runs smoothly even on older hardware. Optimized for 32-bit systems, MX Linux is a popular replacement for Ubuntu in legacy environments.
Q4OS
Q4OS offers a lightweight and stable operating environment based on the Trinity desktop. It is engineered for legacy hardware, ensuring smooth operation even with minimal memory and low-performance processors. This distribution is ideal for entry-level users seeking to extend the lifespan of older PCs.
4. How to Run 32-Bit Applications on 64-Bit Ubuntu
Enabling Multiarch and Installing 32-Bit Applications
To run 32-bit applications on 64-bit Ubuntu, Multiarch support must be enabled. This allows you to install 32-bit libraries and run applications specifically designed for 32-bit systems, such as Wine and certain retro games. Use the following commands to configure Multiarch:
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt update
sudo apt install lib32z1 lib32ncurses6 lib32stdc++6With Multiarch enabled, you can maintain compatibility for 32-bit applications on a 64-bit Ubuntu system. This is particularly useful for software like Steam, which still depends on 32-bit components.
5. Summary and Future Outlook
The Current State of 32-Bit Support and Recommended Options
As Ubuntu no longer provides 32-bit support, users who require a 32-bit environment should consider alternative distributions such as MX Linux or Q4OS. These alternatives are lightweight and offer extensive 32-bit support, making them stable and practical choices for older hardware.
Advice and Considerations for the Future
With the industry steadily moving toward 64-bit-only environments, 32-bit support will continue to decline. To safely maintain a 32-bit system, users should rely on alternative distributions or configure Multiarch on 64-bit Ubuntu. Making informed decisions based on the latest information is essential for utilizing legacy hardware securely and efficiently.
